The operating system is an interface between the user of the computer by the computer hardware. Before any operating system, people only use a computer using analog signals and digital signals ( please search for yourself what the analog signals and digital signals ) . Along with the development of knowledge and technology , there are now a variety of operating systems with the advantages of each. To better understand the operating system then you should need to know first some basic concepts regarding the operating system itself.
Definition of the operating system in general is managing all the resources contained in the computer system and provides a set of services (system calls) to users to facilitate and comforting application and use of resources computer system.
According to Tanenbaum, the operating system has developed very rapidly, which can be divided into four generations:
First generation (1945-1955)
The first generation was the beginning of the development of electronic computing system as a replacement for mechanical computing system, it caused people to calculate the speed of humans is limited and very easy to make a faux pas, mistakes and even errors. In this generation there is no operating system, the computer system was given instructions that must be done in person.
Second Generation (1955-1965)
The second generation introduced a Batch Processing System, the Job is done in a series, then this generation consecutive. In executed in a computer system is not equipped operating system, but some of the functions of existing operating systems, for example, the operating system is functioning FMS (Fortran Monitoring System) and IBSYS. So this second computer generation is the first generation of the system operation.
Third Generation (1965-1980)
On the development of next-generation operating system was developed to serve many users at once, in which users communicate via an interactive on-line terminal to the computer, the operating system into a multi - user (in use many users at once) and multi - programming (serving many programs at once).
Fourth Generation (Post 1980 )
Today, the operating system used for computer networks where users aware of the existence of the computers that are connected to each other. At this time, the user also has comforted with a Graphical User Interface that is interface-based computer graphics are very comfortable, at this time also began the era of distributed computing where computations are no longer centered on one point, but broken in many computer in order to reach the performance better.
The detailed history of the operating system from the 1980s. This article outlines the history of the DOS operating system, Mac, Windows, BSD, Linux up.
1956
GM-Naai/O : The first operating system first used by General Motors on large IBM 704 computer. However, this system is not more powerful than batch processing.
1969
Unix : The first modern operating system developed by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, who was in need of a fast platform for games "Space Travel" them.
1973
XeroxAlto : The first system with a graphical interface that is only used for research until 1981.
1980
QDOS : Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer wrote QDOS made of the OS known at that time, CP / M. QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System) is marketed by Seattle Computer with 86 - DOS name because it is designed for the Intel 8086 processor. Microsoft : Bill Gates of Microsoft bought QDOS license and sell it to various computer companies.
1981
PC DOS : IBM unveiled DOS PC purchased from Microsoft for Intel processor -based computer 8086. MS DOS : Microsoft using MS DOS name for this OS if sold by companies outside of IBM.
1983
MS DOS 2.0 : Version 2.0 of MS DOS was launched on the PC XT.
1984
System 1.0 : Apple launches Macintosh with OS derived from BSD UNIX. System 1.0 is the first operating system that has been based graphics and using the mouse. MS DOS 3.0 : Microsoft launches MS DOS 3.0 for PC AT using the Intel 80286 chip and start supporting the use of the hard disk more than 10 MB. MS DOS 3.1 : Microsoft launches MS DOS 3.1 that provides support for the network.
1985
MS Windows 1.0 : Microsoft introduces MSWindows , the operating system provides an environment which has a graphical (GUI) and multitasking capabilities. Unfortunately, this operating system is very bad performance and was not able to match the success of Apple. Novell Netware : Novell launches Netware network operating system based on 86 is made for the Intel 8086 processor.
1986
MS DOS 3.2 : Microsoft launches MS DOS 3.2 which adds support for 3.5-inch 720 KB floppy.
1987
OS / 2 : IBM introduced OS / 2 which has been based graphics , as a potential replacement for the IBM PC DOS. MS DOS 3.3 : Microsoft launches MS DOS 3.3 which is the most popular version of MS DOS. Windows 2.0 : Windows version 2.0 was introduced. MINIX : Andrew S. Tanenbaum developed Minix, a Unix -based operating system that is intended for education . MINIX later inspired the creation of Linux.
1988
MS DOS 4.0 : Microsoft released MS-DOS 4.0 with the graphics setting.
WWW : Proposal World Wide Web ( WWW ) by Tim Berners Lee.
1989
NetWare/386 ( also known as version 3 ) was launched by Novell for the Intel 80386 processor.
1990
Farewell : Two giants parted company , run by IBM OS / 2 and Microsoft concentrate on Windows. Windows 3.0 : Microsoft launches Windows 3.0 version is pretty well received. MS Office : Microsoft bundled Word, Excel, and PowerPoint to get rid of rivals such as Lotus 1 2 3, WordStar, Word Perfect and Quattro. DR DOS : Digital Research introduced the DR DOS 5.0.
1991
Linux 0:01 : Students Helsinki named Linus Torvalds developed a Unix-based OS of the Minix operating system called Linux . MS DOS 5.0 : Microsoft launches MS DOS 5.0 with the addition of full facilities - screen editor, undelete, unformat and QBasic.
1992
Windows 3.1 : Microsoft launches Windows 3.1 and later Windows for Workgroups 3.11 in the next year. 386 BSD : Open Source OS based on BSD Unix derivative distributed by Bill Jolitz after leaving Berkeley Software Design , Inc. ( BSDI ). 386 BSD will be the parent of the other BSD Open Source projects , such as NetBSD , FreeBSD , and OpenBSD. Linux Distro : Linux distros are distributed in a format that is a combination of the OS plus applications program. The first Linux distro known as SLS ( Softlanding Linux System).
1993
Windows NT : Microsoft launches Windows NT , OS first DOS -based graphics without therein are planned for the network server. Web Browser : NCSA Mosaic introduced its first release , a web browser for the Internet . MS DOS 6.0 : Microsoft introduced MS DOS 6.0 Upgrade , which includes a disk compression program DoubleSpace.
Slackware by Patrick Volkerding of Slackware Linux distribution is a popular distribution among Linux users first. Debian : Ian Murdock from the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) to make a Linux -based OS with Debian name. MS DOS 6.2 : Microsoft launches MS DOS 6.2. NetBSD : New Project -based Open Source OS developed from 386BSD made using NetBSD name . FreeBSD: Following NetBSD , another project was also developed with the names of the 386BSD made FreeBSD.
1994
Netscape : Internet earned great popularity as Netscape Navigator introduced as a Internet browser. 6:22 MS DOS : Microsoft launches MS DOS 6:22 with compression program called DriveSpace. This is the last version of MS DOS. FreeDOS : Jim Hall , a student of the University of Wisconsin River Falls Development develops FreeDOS. FreeDOS is made after Microsoft intends to stop its support for DOS and replace it with Windows 95. SuSE: German version of the Linux OS developed by Software und System Entwicklung GmbH ( SuSE ) and is made from the first Linux distro , SLS . Red Hat: Marc Ewing begin making distributions Red Hat Linux.
1995
Windows 95 : Microsoft launches Windows 95 with the song Start Me Up Rolling Stones and sold over 1 million copies within 4 days. PC DOS 7: IBM introduces the PC DOS 7 which integrates with popular programs pengkompres Data Stacker from Stac Electronics. This is the latest version of the IBM PC DOS . Windows CE : Windows CE version first introduced to the public. PalmOS : Palm became popular with the PalmOS for PDAs. OpenBSD: Theo de Raadt originator developing NetBSD OpenBSD.
1996
Windows NT 4.0 : Microsoft launches Windows NT version 4.0
1997
Mac OS : For the first time Apple introduced the use of the name of the Mac OS on Mac OS 7.6.
1998
Windows 98 : Internet Explorer Web browser into an important part of the Windows 98 and managed to subvert the dominance of Netscape Navigator. Server Linux : Linux has the support of many large companies, such as IBM, Sun Microsystems and Hewlett Packard. Linux -based server start replacing the widely used Windows NT -based servers. Google: Search Engine best present on the Internet and found to be using Linux as a server. Japan Goes Linux: Turbolinux launched in Japan and immediately became a favorite OS in Asia , particularly in Japan , China and Korea.
Mandrake : Gael Duval from Mandrake distro Brazil develop derived from Red Hat.
1999
Support : Hewlett Packard announced the service 24/7 for distro Caldera, Turbo Linux , Red Hat and SuSE. Linux Corel : Corel Corel Draw program makers, who previously has provided Word Perfect version of Linux, making Linux based OS come with the name of Corel Linux and which later changed its name to Xandros.
2000
Mac OS / X : Mac OS replaced with BSD Unix -based machines with kernel known as Mac OS / X. Windows 2000 : Microsoft launches Windows 2000 as the successor to Windows NT. Windows Me : Microsoft launches Windows Me, the final version of Windows 95. China Goes Linux : Red Flag Linux was launched from the People's Republic of China. Microsoft vs. IBM : Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer calls Linux a cancer in an interview with the Chicago Sun Times . On the other hand, IBM CEO Louis Gartsner expressed support on Linux by investing $ 1 billion for the development of Linux.
2001
Windows XP: Microsoft introduces Windows XP . Lindows : Michael Robertson, founder of MP3.com, Lindows began development derived from Debian. Later renamed Lindows Linspire name change because of demands by Microsoft.
2002
Open Office : Open Source -based office programs launched by Sun Microsystems. Local OS : domestically-made OS based on Linux began to emerge, including Trustix Merdeka, Winbi , RimbaLinux , Komura.
2003
Windows 2003 : Microsoft launches Windows Server 2003. Fedora : Fedora Core distributions Redhat announced as his successor. There will be some local distributions are made based on Fedora , like Ubuntu 1.0 and IGOS Nusantara. Novell : Ximian , a Linux-based software development company was bought by Novell , as well as with the acquired SuSE by Novell. LiveCD : Knoppix is the first Linux distribution that was developed with the concept of a LiveCD that can be used without having to be installed first. Local distributions are made from the Knoppix Linux Healthy and Waroeng IGOS.
2004
Ubuntu : Ubuntu first version released and distributed throughout the world. There are several versions of distributions issued, namely Ubuntu (Gnome based) , Kubuntu (KDE -based) , Xubuntu (XFCE-based), and Edubuntu (for education).
2005
Mandriva : Conectiva and Mandrake join renamed Mandriva.
2006
Unbreakable Linux : Oracle contributes to making Linux based distributions derived from Red Hat Enterprise. CHIPLux : Local Distro keeps popping up in this year, even more CHIP Magazine provides a discussion of Windows also does not miss making a Linux distro with CHIPLux name , which is derived from a local PC LINUX distro of family PCLinuxOS ( Mandriva variants ). CHIPLux is the first local distributions are distributed in DVD format.
2007
Vista: After being delayed for some time, Microsoft finally launched Windows Vista. Windows Vista introduces 3D desktop features with Aero Glass, SideBar, and Flip 3D. Unfortunately all this beauty must be paid to the needs of a very high specification computers.
2008
3D OS : Unlike Vista which requires a high specification , 3D Desktop on Linux came up with a very light computer specs. Desktop 3D technology era presence in Indonesia is characterized by the presence of 3D OS operating system developed by LINUX PC. There are several versions available, the 3D version of the OS for general users as well as versions of Linux distributions and gaming center cafe Linux.
2010
Windows7 : This Operating System is a complement of the operating system on previously made by microsoft. It could be said that this operating system is the best operating system available today.
2012
New Operating system that has launched by Microsoft is Windows 8. This operation systems possess a very attractive appearance compared with other Windows - Windows previously.
2013
And now the latest Operating System which has been launched by Microsoft is Windows 8.1, the operating system possess a very attractive appearance compared to the previous Windows 8.
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